Brandes, KendraRandall, G. Kevin2022-03-252022-03-252011Brandes, K. A., & Randall, G. K. (2011). Service Learning and Civic Responsibility: Assessing Aggregate and Individual Level Change. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 23(1), 23-29.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11875/3343This article was originally published by the International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher EducationThis study sought to expand the extant literature regarding the effectiveness of a higher education service-learning project designed to increase students’ civic and socially responsive knowledge and intentions. A class with a semester long service-learning component was administered a pre- and post-test assessment using multi-item scales to determine if a student’s sense of civic responsibility would increase. Our hypothesis predicting overall mean or aggregate change in civic responsibility was not affirmed by the paired t-tests or analysis of covariance tests. However, using growth curve modeling, we investigated between-individual differences in within-individual change. The study’s results demonstrated that significant variation in individual differences between time one and time two did exist. Particularly noteworthy was the finding that previous service-learning experience, outside the classroom setting, predicted the level of civic attitudes and predicted the level and change of civic action.eneffectiveness of higher education service-learningCivic and Socially responsive knowledgepaired t-testprevious service-learningArticle