Theses and Dissertations
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Item A City Divided: Debates over Slavery in Antebellum Pittsburgh(2019-09-25) Wells, Cody A.; Cox, ThomasAlthough much attention has been paid to the influence of southern slavery on the secession crisis and subsequent Civil War, far less has been spent analyzing the complexities of how northern communities in the antebellum period addressed questions over the peculiar institution. Northerners were not simply opposed, or perhaps ambivalent, to slavery during this period. Rather, individuals and groups had various responses when confronted with the institution. This study attempts to shed new light on the various reactions to slavery from one antebellum city: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Antebellum Pittsburgh provides an excellent case study for examining diverse northern reactions to slavery, as well as how those reactions developed and changed over time. The presence of various groups, each with their own unique responses when presented with questions over slavery, allows the city to act as a microcosm for the diverse antebellum North. Pittsburgh was home to many prominent white abolitionists and a free black community, both of which contributed significantly to the western operations of the state’s Underground Railroad. Additionally, the city’s geographical location, on the forks of the Ohio River, promoted southern trade. This left many businessmen and entrepreneurs in the growing industrial city sympathetic to the struggles of southern slaveholders. Each of these groups provides a unique component to a larger, more complex, story of slavery in early America. A large quantity of primary and secondary sources demonstrates the diverse reactions to slavery in antebellum Pittsburgh, yet each fails to fit these perspectives into a larger context. To date, no major work seeks to examine these diverse voices in the Pittsburgh area nor analyzes the complex societies within which they collectively existed. This research project is an attempt to do just that. By analyzing the writings of prominent individuals in Pittsburgh, as well as speeches, newspapers, and court cases, a more coherent understanding of the community and their reactions to slavery are outlined. Although this thesis examines slavery debates in only one community, the complexities of reactions and the existence of various groups can, in some ways, reflect the northern half of the antebellum American nation.Item A comparative study of alcohol consumers and non-consumers at the time of the offense on adult felony probationers in Nueces County, Texas(1977-08-01) Gonzalez, George Edward,1947-Purpose: The purpose is two fold: to contribute to the broad realm of alcohol and crime-related research, by identifying any significant relationship between consumers of alcohol and non-consumers of alcohol at the time a felony offense was committed, and to compare the findings of this research to existing literature. Methods: the methods used in this study were: (1) the collection of data from the Nueces County Adult Probation Department’s intake questionnaire on felony probationer’s socioeconomic and demographic characteristics; (2) by dividing the study sample into two groups, consumers of alcohol at the time of offense, and non-consumers of alcohol at the time of offense; (3) comparing this information from the study sample between selected variables; (4) the two groups were analyzed by testing the ten selected variables with the phi-coefficient and chi-square; and (5) considering all results with a probability of one degree of freedom at the .05 level of significance. Results: 1. The study indicated that there were no significant differences between consumers and non-consumers of alcohol at the time of offense among the variables of age, employment, ethnicity, index crimes, martial status, military experience, occupational level, prior arrest, and sex. 2. There is a significant difference between consumers and non-consumers of alcohol at the time of offense on the variable of education.Item A comparative study of the adoptions of 1960 and 1970 in Travis County, Texas(Sam Houston State University, 1971-12) Preusse, Carol Ann,1943-; Hayes, Dorothy D.; Killinger, George G.; Weisenhorn, Donald J.The purpose of this study was to compare the adoptions of 1960 in Travis County, Texas, to the adoptions of 1970 in the same county. The study sample was dichotomised according to year, 1960 and 1970. A table of random numbers was used to select one-third of the case histories of children adopted in each of these two years. From the case folders and Investigator's Reports of the Travis County Juvenile Court thirteen baseline characteristics of the adoptive families and the children were selected, and the dichotomized sample was crosstabulated by these. All petitions for adoption in Travis County, Texas, must be processed by the Travis County Juvenile Court before the final court hearing. The 1960 and 1970 samples were crosstabulated by six categories of adoptions. It was the intention of this study to determine any changes that have occurred in adoptions in Travis County, Texas, between 1960 and 1970, and if so, to describe these changes. It was assumed that all families whose casefolders contained a completed Investigator's Report consumated the adoption. The Travis County Juvenile Court does not maintain a complete record of the adoptions. However, once an Investigators' Report is filed in the record, the case can be assumed to be properly prepared for acceptance and consumation by the Court. It was assumed also that the baseline characteristics selected for study would have an appreciable influence on the kind of adoption in which each family would seek to participate, and thus would influence any changes that may occur in the categories of adoptions between 1960 and 1970.Item A comparative study of the characteristics of juvenile Mexican-American solvent inhalation offenders and juvenile Mexican-American non-offenders in Harris County, Texas(1974-12) Barton, Connie Balsley,1952-; Baker, Ann P.; Killinger, George G.; Shaddock, Jimmy D.The primary purpose of this study was to identify the variables that are a significant influence in the life of the young male Mexican-American solvent inhalation offenders from Harris County, Texas. It was anticipated that the findings of the study could be used to improve the prevention and treatment methods currently used for solvent inhalation offenders. The variables examined in the study included basic data such as education level of the juvenile and number of siblings in the juvenile’s home. Information pertaining to the interaction between the juvenile and his family, teachers, and acquaintances was also obtained. Ethnic factors were examined, also, to determine which, if any, ethnic factors influenced the young male Mexican-American to sniff intoxicants. Methodology The data gathered in this study were obtained by interviewing thirty young male Mexican-American intoxicant sniffers and thirty young male Mexican-American non-sniffers. The solvent inhalation offender was defined as being a Mexican-American male between that ages of thirteen and seventeen who may have had one or more official incidents of solvent inhalation, and who had had several unofficial incidents reported by parents, teachers, relatives or by the offender himself. The youths in group one, intoxicant sniffers, and group two, non-sniffers, were matched in age. All interviews were structured through the use of a questionnaire form. Interviews were conducted by the author and staff members from Casa de Amigos Drug Abuse Agency cooperating in gathering data. Selection of juveniles to be included in the sample was done by a pseudo-random sampling technique. It was decided that this technique would provide the most representative sample from the population. The sample of offenders was derived from the offenders participating in the Casa de Amigos counseling program for the intoxicant sniffers. The sample of non-offenders was obtained from the population of Mexican-American males attending bi-weekly tryouts for the Magnolia YWCA basketball teams. After the subject were interviewed, all data was analyzed through the utilization of the Sam Houston State University computer. The continuous variables were analyzed by t-ratio analysis to determine whether there was a significant difference in the means of group one and group two on the continuous variables. The discrete variables were analyzed by chi square analysis to learn which of the discrete variables showed a significant interaction with the life of the solvent inhalation offender. All results with a probability of .05 or less were considered significant. Findings 1. The study indicates that there is a significant correlation between thirty-two variables and the life of the solvent inhalation offender. 2. There appear to be significant differences in the family life, ethnic characteristics, scholastic ability, and activities of the intoxicant offenders and non-sniffers. 3. The typical solvent inhalation offender is likely to come from a broken home where only one parent is present. The family of the offender is not close and participates in few family activities. Usually the juvenile and his parents do not communicate very well, and the juvenile wants to leave home and may have already done so several times. 4. The intoxicant sniffer is very likely to live in a Mexican-American neighborhood, and spend much time with a gang of Mexican-American friends, He usually does not get along with Anglos and feels that they discriminate against him. They typical offender is present time oriented and believes in machismo, the dominant male role of physical strength and adventurousness. 5. The scholastic ability of the solvent inhalation offender is very poor. The juvenile dislikes school competition and experiences many failures at school. Many offenders quit school, and those who attend have poor attendance records, and poor grades, also. The intoxicant sniffer is usually indifferent towards teachers and may actually dislike them. 6. The typical Mexican-American solvent inhalation offender participates in few legitimate organized activities and usually does not attend church very frequently. The juvenile has usually been involved in a number of illegal activities and may have been on probation or lived in a correctional facility.Item A comparative study of the contributions made to physical fitness by the addition of planned isometric or isotonic exercise at the beginning of each class period of a regular program of physical education activity of forty-two women students during the fall semester of the 1964-1965 academic year at Sam Houston State Teachers College in Huntsville, Texas(1965) Rummel, Rose Mary,1940-; Cady, Ruth MThe primary purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of planned isometric or isotonic exercises at the beginning of each class period to physical fitness. A secondary purpose was to determine whether physical fitness was retained after cessation of the planned isometric or isotonic program and to what degree. The specific purposes of the study were as follows. 1.) Determine the degree of competency in each of the seven areas of physical fitness as measured by the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test, 35 of 42 students enrolled in two Archery/ Track and field classes prior to participation in a planned isometric or isotonic exercise regime at the beginning of each class period. 2.) Determine the degree of competency in the seven areas of physical fitness as measured by the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test, of the forty-two subjects after six weeks of planned isometric or isotonic exercised at the beginning of each class period. 3.) Determine the degree of competency in the seven areas of physical fitness as measured by the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test, of the forty-two subjects six weeks after discontinuation of the planned exercise program. 4.) Determine the number of units of elementary through secondary school physical education.Item A comparative study of the differences existent between the academic ability, motor ability, and personality adjustment of physical education majors and non-majors at Sam Houston State Teachers College, Huntsville, Texas(1964) Williams, Hilda Lee,1940-; Montague, Mary EllaPurpose: it was the purpose of this study to determine the quality of the students who have chosen to major in physical education by comparing physical education majors with students who were majoring in other academic areas. Attention was directed to three major areas: (1) academic ability as determined by scores on the American College Test; (2) motor ability as evidenced by scores on the Scott Motor Ability Tests; and (3) personality adjustment as indicated by scores on the California Psychological Inventory. Methods: The methods used to obtain data for this study were (1) examination of literature in the areas of academic ability, motor ability and personality adjustment, (2) establishment of criteria for the selection of tests of academic ability, motor ability and personality adjustment, (3) selection of standardize tests on basis of established criteria, (4) determination of population for the study through evaluation of similar studies, (5) administration of the standardized tests of motor ability and personality adjustment, (6) requesting permission to use the ACT raw scores of the population from the guidance office at Sam Houston State Teachers College. The data was then processed to determine the relationships existent between the academic ability, motor ability, and personality adjustment of women freshman and sophomore physical education majors and non-majors. Finding: From the evidence presented in this study the following suggestions appear to be in order: 1. Physical education majors seem to be slightly below non-majors in capacity for status, social presence, self-acceptance, responsibility, self-control, tolerance, and achievement via conformance, and markedly below non-majors in femininity. 2. Physical education majors seem to be slightly higher than non-majors in dominance, achievement via independence, psychological mindedness, and flexibility. 3. Physical education majors and non-majors seem to be the same in sociability, sense of well-being, socialization, good impression, communality and intellectual efficiency. 4. In general, the personality adjustment of non-majors appears to be higher than that of physical education majors as determined by the CPI. 5. Data on the ACT seems to indicate that the physical education majors are markedly below the non-majors in English, slightly below the majors in mathematics, social studies and on a composite score, and the same as non-majors in the natural sciences. 6. Data revealed by the SMA would make it appear that physical education majors are markedly above the non-majors in ability to run an obstacle race, slightly above the non-majors in performance of the standing broad jump and basketball throw distance, and somewhat higher than non-majors on a composite score of motor ability.Item A comparative study of the nature of guilt and responsibility in the works of O. Hobart Mowrer and William Glasser with classical Freudian theory(1967) Wheaton, David K.,1938-; Killenger, GeorgePurpose: The purpose of this project was to examine the works of O. Hobart Mowrer and William Glasser and to compare their understanding of the nature of guilt and responsibility with classical Freudian theory. It was the purpose of the project to demonstrate that Freud presupposed something about the nature of man with which neither Mowrer nor Glasser agree. The research shows that nature of man is such that Freud could not deal adequately with the descriptive categories called guilt and responsibility because these are ontological categories and not scientific psychological measurable entities. The research further shows that Mowrer and Glasser presuppose that guilt and responsibility are ontological in character. Methods of Research: The procedure and method od investigation was to examine the original writings of the psychotherapists being studied. Secondary sources pertinent to the area of study were also examined. Personal interviews and taped lectures of the psychotherapists furthered the research. An investigation of pertinent pamphlets and experiments written for class and public lecture widened the investigation. This project developed along these lines: (1) examining the nature of man according to Freud (2) examining the nature of man according to Glasser and Mowrer (3) examining the nature of guilt according to Freud (4) examining the nature of guilt according to Glasser and Mowrer (5) examining the nature of responsibility according to Freud (6) examining the nature of responsibility according to Glasser and Mowrer. Findings: 1. Freud presupposed that the nature of man was homo natura and that the body is given unconditional authority in determining man’s essential being. 2. Mowrer and Glasser disagree with Freud and presuppose that the nature of man is homo sapien. Man is a bio-socio organism who can formulate interpersonal relationships and bring meaning to those relationships, and formulate moral values and systems. 3. Freud could not deal adequately with the descriptive categories “guilt” and “responsibility” because man is more than a biological machine. 4. Guilt and responsibility are ontological categories and not scientific psychological measurable entities. Guilt and responsibility are given in society and are apart of being as such. Thus they are ontological and not scientifically measurable. 5. Freud pre-supposed that guilt and responsibility were feelings caused by external conditioning. These feelings were conditioned by a powerful force he called the superego. These feelings are caused by a thwarting of the biological drives which are characterized by sex and aggression. 6. Mowrer and Glasser pre-suppose that guilt and responsibility are real. They are an external (societal) phenomenon and not just an internal (guilt feeling) phenomenon. Man is responsible for his decisions and his behavior. Responsibility and guilt are learned phenomena and reside not in the feelings of the organism, but in the reality structures of society. Thus for Mowrer and Glasser guilt and responsibility are ontological in nature—it is given in existence—and not adapted to by biological determinants.Item A comparative study: two training programs for mentally retarded adults(1976-05-01) Pugh, Michael P.,1947-Purpose The purpose of this study was to conduct a descriptive comparison of two existing training facilities for mentally retarded adults. The two facilities are operating to provide the mentally retarded adult with the necessary work habits and social skills which will enable him to become a working, contributing member of his community. Harris County Center for the Retarded, Inc., which is located near downtown Houston, Texas, has chosen the sheltered workshop approach as its means of training the mentally retarded adult. Melwood Horticultural Training Center, Inc., which is located in a rural suburban area near Washington, D.C., trains its clients by the use of horticultural therapy. Methods A review of the literature concerning training programs for mentally retarded adults and specifically concerning the two types of approaches utilized by the agencies was conducted. The areas of interest, i.e., operation, financial aspects, and goals were identified and specific questions concerning each were developed. In order to obtain the necessary information, the operation of each agency was personally viewed and individual interviews were conducted with various personnel at each agency. Findings Even though obvious differences do exist between the two agencies in regard to the approach taken, i.e., geographic location and size of the client population, the operation, financial aspects, and goals of each are essentially the same. Two significant differences were determined through this study. First, the client/staff ratio for Harris County Center for the Retarded, Inc. is 8.83:1 and for Melwood Horticultural Center, Inc. the ratio is 2.77:1. Second, the cost per day of training a client for Harris County Center for the Retarded, Inc. is $8.90 and for Melwood Horticultural Training Center, Inc., the cost is $15.87. In conclusion, it was determined that each agency provides the mentally retarded adult with the opportunity to become a working, contributing member of his community.Item A comparison of a self evaluation and an evaluation by an employer of the inmate as an employee(1972) Murray, Frederick M.,1940-; Friel, Charles MPurpose: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the significant difference in responses to an employee evaluation by inmate and their respective employers. The inmates completed a self evaluation on employee performance, and the employers completed a similar evaluation on the inmate’s work performance. It was the aim of this study to achieve a clearer understanding of the attitude held by inmates and their past employers toward the inmate’s work performance. The difference between the two evaluations would suggest a need for vocational counseling in addition to the vocational training in the various prison systems. Methods: The methods used to obtain data for this study were as follows: (1) a forty item questionnaire on job performance was develop; (2) the questionnaire was submitted to the inmate and employer sample groups; and (3) the significant difference between inmate and employer were computed by using the t test method. Findings: The findings of this investigation indicate a significant difference between the inmate and employer ratings. The data revealed that inmates tend to view themselves as better employees than do their employers. The inmates rated themselves more positive on nine out of ten variables than the employers. The employers were more positive than the inmates on ten percent of the variables. The inmates rated themselves a high positive on twenty percent of the variables. The largest single item difference between the two groups concerned doing a job not asked while at work. The inmates felt very positive about their willingness to do the job not asked, while the employer felt more negative. The other item in this high disagreement concerned the employee’s performance on the job. For example, doing one’s best on the job, doing one’s share of work, accepting responsibility, helping others on the job and calling if late for work. The largest differences between the two groups on these variables suggest this area needs to be examined by vocational counselors. The inmates were more positive than the employers on sixty-five percent of the variables. These items dealt with attitudes towards work, work suggestions and the company. For example, the inmate group felt their general physical appearance on the job was good to excellent but the employer felt it was good. Vocational counseling would make the inmate employee aware of these job attitude differences. This type of counseling could help the problem of employing ex-inmates. The two study groups were in close agreement on 7.5 percent of the variables. These three variables ere taking criticism, correcting a fellow worker, and having an open relationship with the supervisor. If both groups can agree in a positive manner on the ability to take criticism and open relationship then there is room for discussion of the problem. They agreed they had the open relationship between employer and employee and the employee felt he could take the criticism. The next step in this logical sequence would be that some employment problems between employers and ex-inmates would be a lack of communication. The study indicated both groups felt to a degree they could communicate, but apparently had not had good communications. The employers, in reversal of the study trend, rated four items more positive than the inmates. The items were: participation in group activities, gossip at work, ability to take criticism and relation to supervisor other then work. Perhaps the inmate rated himself too negative on these items. These items would be of interest in vocational counseling because they represent a reversal of the study trend. These large significant differences between inmate and employer rating on more of the variables, strongly suggest that the inmate needs vocational counseling as well as vocational training. There would be no point in sending a trained welder out to work if he could not hold a job because of his job attitude. The overall findings of the data revealed that the inmate tends to think of himself as a good, if not excellent employee. The employers indicated a more negative viewpoint of inmates as employees. This unrealistic self image of the inmate as an employee is probably a significant factor in his job failure rate. The data suggest that any vocational training without vocational counseling will be of little effect in rehabilitation. The significant difference between inmate and employer ratings indicated a constant discrepancy in the self image ratings. If there was an effective vocational counseling program in conjunction with present vocational training programs, there would be a lower recidivism rate and a higher job success rate for ex-inmates.Item A comparison of factors affecting the small-scale distribution of mercury contamination in a Zimbabwean stream system(2017-04-18) Green, Corey S.; Thies, Monte L.; Lewis, Patrick J.; Wozniak, Jeffrey R.Artisanal small-scale mining (ASM) operations use mercury liberally in the gold extraction process, as compared to large scale industrial mining operations, and accounts for approximately one third of anthropogenic mercury consumption worldwide. These ASM operations are concentrated in many impoverished and poorly regulated countries such as Zimbabwe, resulting in a number of negative environmental and health impacts. There are three pathways by which mercury generally enters the environment from gold mining: 1) directly via private miners, 2) through stamp mill operations (also used by ASM miners), and 3) industrial-scale mining operations. To examine the levels of mercury contamination resulting in one such geographic locality, sediment and tailing samples in a single, heavily mined watershed in southern Zimbabwe were collected from May – June 2015. Samples were collected from the stream system, as well as six stamp mills and a single industrial mine in the watershed. GPS point location data were taken for mining operations and sampling sites to examine the spatial patterns of mercury concentration relative to each mining operation. Data were first analyzed using linear regression then a MARS model, followed by application of an ANCOVA model to assess the relationship between mercury concentrations and three factors; percent organic carbon, distance downstream, and distance from potential contamination source. Mercury concentrations within the study area ranged between 6-1,541 µg/kg dw (mean 142 µg/kg dw). Analyses of mercury concentrations indicated a positive relationship with percent organic carbon and a negative relationship with distance downstream and distance from potential contamination source. Results from this study will help to elucidate the relationship between gold production and the spatial scale of mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems in Africa. These data may lead to a better understanding of the relationship between mercury use and community health, which may aid both the local and global communities in regulating mercury contamination of the environment, thereby reducing the suffering and early death of many people in impoverished countries where ASM is commonplace.Item A comparison of the academic grades of athletes with the academic grades of the student body at Sam Houston State Teachers College(1953) Proctor, Robert L.; Kirk, Joe ENo AbstractItem A comparison of the civil statutes and the welfare department standards which govern the licensing of provate child-care institutions(Sam Houston State University, 1974-05) Krause, Neal M.(Neal Miller); Baker, Ann P.; Killinger, George G.; Symonds, JohnData from the fifty states was compared to both the model licensing civil statutes and the model licensing standards. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine and compare the compliance of the existing licensing civil statutes of all of the states in the United States with model licensing civil statute proposed by the experts in the field of child-care licensing; (2) to determine and compare the compliance of the Department of Public Welfare existing licensing standards of all of the states in the nation with the model licensing standards proposed b the experts in the field of child-care licensing; (3) to determine how the existing licensing civil statutes of all of the states in the United States comply wit the proposed licensing civil statute changes of Texas Attorney General John L. Hill; (4) to determine how the percentage of compliance of the Texas licensing civil statute and the Texas licensing standards, with their respective models, compares with the percentage of compliance of the licensing civil statutes and the licensing standards of the other states; and (5) to determine the coefficient of correlation between the percentage of compliance of the licensing civil statutes and the percentage of compliance of the licensing standards of the states. Methods The methods used in the study were: (1) the comparison of the existing licensing civil statutes of all of the states, found in the University of Houston Law Library, with the model licensing civil statute, found in Licensing of Child-Care Facilities by State Welfare Departments; (2) the comparison of the existing licensing standards of the states, which were obtained from the departments of public welfare of each state, with the model licensing standards, the Child Welfare League of America Standards for Services of Child Welfare Institutions; (3) the comparison of the existing licensing civil statutes with the proposed licensing civil statute changes, Report of John L. Hill, Attorney General of Texas, In re: Proposed Legislative Changes Affecting Child-Caring Institutions, and Suggested Changes in the Procedures of the State Department of Public Welfare under Present Law, Article 695c, Section 8 (a), T.R.C.S.; (4) reduce data to frequency distributions with the aid of the computer facilities at Sam Houston State University; (5) calculate the mean, median. And standard deviation for each of the three categories of data to facilitate comparison; (6) the comparison of the Texas licensing civil statute and the Texas licensing standards with the licensing civil statutes and licensing standards of the other states; and (7) calculate the coefficient of correlation between the percentage of compliance of the existing civil statutes of the states and the percentage of compliance of the existing licensing standards by substituting the data into the Pearson Product-Moment r formula. Findings 1. The mean percentage of compliance of the existing licensing civil statutes with the model licensing civil statutes was 50.26 percent. The median percentage of compliance was 51.26 percent. The standard deviation of the percentages of compliance was 12.84 2. The existing licensing civil statutes of Texas complied with 56.41 percent of the model licensing civil statutes. 3. The mean percentage of compliance of the existing licensing standards with the model licensing standards was 43.22. the median percentage of compliance was 45.43 percent. The standard deviation of the percentages of compliance was 14.39. 4. The existing licensing standards of Texas complied with 45.43 percent of the model licensing standards. 5. The mean percentage of compliance of the existing licensing civil statutes with the proposed licensing civil statute changes by Attorney General Hill was 14.76 precent. The median percentage of compliance was 13.33. The standard deviation of compliance was 8.54. 6. No significant correlation was found to exist between the percentage of compliance with the model licensing civil statutes and the percentage of compliance with the model licensing standards.Item A comparison of the value patterns of early Hebrews and early Greeks(1968) Law, Barbara C.,1936-; Bellar, LeonardPurpose: It was the purpose of this study to explore the differences and similarities in the value patterns of the early Greeks and the early Hebrews. Five topics concerning the value patterns of these cultures were considered: (1) the view of life; (2) the view of death and the after-life; (3) the relationships between gods and men; (4) the characteristics of heroes; and (5) the status of women. Methods: The methods used to obtain data for this study were (1) close textual analysis of primary source material; and (2) comparison of conclusions with those of secondary sources. Findings: From the evidence presented in this study the following conclusions appear to be in order: 1. The value patterns revealed in the Homeric epics are, of course, more consistent than those of the early books of The Old Testament because the latter reflect various cultural levels and practices over a longer period of time. 2. Although many similarities existed between early Greek culture as revealed by Homer in his epics, and Hebrew culture as revealed in The Old Testament, these similarities generally were those which unite all cultures. Certain basic differences in philosophical outlook were found which sharply divided the early Greek mind from that of the Hebrew. 3. The early Greek culture contained the seed of humanism which also characterized Golden Age Athenian culture, and which has been the social and political motivating force in European civilization since the onset of the Renaissance. Hebrew culture and concepts, on the other hand, furnished the impetus toward the metaphysical and toward ethical monotheism which has guided European civilization as strongly as has Greek humanism.Item A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF DISSERTATIONS FROM 2010 TO 2019 INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES AND PREPARATION FOR PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS IN USING MULTICULTURAL AND INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S AND YOUNG ADULT’S LITERATURE: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW(2020-11-24) Rice Shearer, Ragina Dian; Votteler, Nancy KThe goal of this comprehensive literature review is to show the importance of using multicultural and international children’s and young adult literature as a needed resource within classrooms across grade levels in order to develop and maintain societies of people around the globe who are knowledgeable of, empathetic toward, and accepting and understanding of one another. A second goal is to show students who work collaboratively using multiple sign systems express their understandings of literature, have encouraged critical thinking skills and are enabled to develop their cultural strengths and talents. This study researched and analyzed the reported importance of the use of multicultural and international children’s and young adults’ literature and promoted awareness of the need for pre-service teachers to be prepared to use this literature in their future classrooms. Numerous dissertations with the topic of cultural literature were rigorously studied and selected or deselected according to questions pre-chosen by the researcher. The fieldnotes taken from two prominent International Literature conferences were meticulously examined as well, for the input of the need for forth coming teachers to be prepared in using this literature in their classrooms. The findings and conclusions found it to be necessary for pre-service teachers to be prepared on using cultural literature in the most efficient ways according to a conglomeration of award winning authors, illustrators, and prestigious professors who specialize in the area of multicultural and international children’s and young adult’s literature. Implications prevail heavily that detailed preparation for pre-service teachers in the implementation of the use of this literature is imperative.Item A Content Analysis of Gender Representations in Independent Video Games(2017-04-10) Nicholl, Grace; Miller, Lee; Cabaniss, Emily; Douglas, KarenVideo games are an increasingly popular pastime, and their influence on society grows along with the gaming industry. Independent video games are also growing in popularity, though little research has been conducted on how indie games compare to mainstream Triple-A (AAA) games, particularly in in representations of gender. This content analysis investigates the representations of gender found in indie video games. Twelve popular indie games from 2010 through 2015 were selected for investigation. Characters appearing in these games were evaluated on a number of variables to determine adherence to gender norms exposed in previous research. Male characters were found to outnumber female characters, though by a smaller margin than expected. Female characters were sexualized in higher numbers than males, though less than found in AAA games. A significant number of characters were found to be gender non-conforming.Item A course of study in physical education for high school girls of Sweeny(1943-08-01) Eyhusen, Patricia Regina; Smith, S. ENo AbstractItem A critical analysis of the collection and public reporting of data on drinking drivers(1977) Callaway, Noel Dee,1915-; Barrum, James APurpose: The purpose of this study is two-fold. First, to present a report published by a policing agency and some possible conclusions that could be drawn from this report. Second, and more important, to demonstrate why descriptive statistics alone present a major problem in an endeavor to answer the question of how alcohol is involved in traffic crashes. Most importantly, it will show the need for some different types of analysis of the data collected in order to more accurately and dramatically illustrate the full impact of the drinking and driving problem. Methodology: The methodology used in this study was to present a set of statistical data gathered by a law enforcement agency and their report, using this data, that purported to depict some of the drinking-driver problems. The statistical data was then presented in a different form and critically analyzed to point out conclusions and misconceptions that could be reached due to the incompleteness of the data. Findings: 1. For each of the eight variables considered with the blood alcohol level of drinking drivers, a very large majority had a BAL equal to or greater than he presumptive level of intoxication. 2. Males were greatly over-represented in the drinking drivers suspected of DWI and administered a blood-alcohol test. 3. Most of the drinking drivers suspected of DWI and administered a blood-alcohol test were, what is thought by many to be, middle-aged (ages 25-54). 4. A small number of drivers involved in traffic crashes were given a BAL test. 5. The evening hours from 9:00 P.M. until 2:59 A.M. had over one-half the BAL test administered. 6. Over one-half the BAL tests were administered on Saturday and Sunday. Recommendations: 1. Legislation be enacted to support, permit, and/or require research to be made to determine extent and the degree of alcohol involvement in traffic crashes. 2. Mandatory participation in treatment programs by alcoholics who rink and drive. 3. Improve the adjudication process and the corrections process to place emphasis on the concept that drunk driving is not approved behavior. 4. Minor changes be made in the data collection procedure in order to gather additional pertinent data on drinking drivers. 5. Fuller use be made of available information to initiate programs to combat the drinking-driver problem. 6. Academics, medical personnel, police and other persons, with expertise to contribute, work together to design programs to study the extent and degree of the drinking-driver problem. 7. Countermeasure programs be constructed from the findings and proposed solutions set out in the preceding recommendation.Item A Critical Review Of Post-Secondary Education Writing During A 21st Century Education Revolution(2020-12-01T06:00:00.000Z) Muse, Bridgett; Votteler, NancyEducational materials are effective instruments which provide information and report new discoveries uncovered by researchers in specific areas of academia. Higher education, like other education institutions, rely on instructional materials to inform its practice of educating adult learners. In post-secondary education, developmental English programs are tasked with meeting the needs of dynamic populations, thus there is a continuous need for research in this area to support its changing landscape. However, the majority of scholarly thought in this area centers on K-12 reading and writing. This paucity presents a phenomenon to the post-secondary community. This research study uses a qualitative content analysis to examine peer-reviewed journals from 2003-2017, developmental online websites, and a government issued document directed toward reforming post-secondary developmental education programs. These highly relevant sources aid educators in discovering informational support to apply best practices for student success. Developmental education serves the purpose of addressing literacy gaps for students transitioning to college-level work. The findings here illuminate the dearth of material offered to developmental educators. This study suggests the field of literacy research is fragmented and highlights an apparent blind spot in scholarly literature with regard to English writing instruction. This poses a quandary for post-secondary literacy researchers in the 21st century and establishes the necessity for the literacy research community to commit future scholarship toward equipping college educators teaching writing instruction to underprepared adult learners.Item A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF DISCIPLINARY CONSEQUENCE ASSIGNMENTS AND THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEXAS GRADE 3 THROUGH 8 STUDENTS IN SPECIAL EDUCATION OVER TIME: A STATEWIDE ANALYSISBenson, Jamie Heintz; Slate, Dr. John R.Purpose The purpose of this journal-ready dissertation was to examine the relationship of exclusionary discipline consequences assigned to Texas Grade 3 through 8 students enrolled in special education and their academic achievement during the 2012-2013 through the 2015-2016 school year. In addition, the relationship of exclusionary discipline assignments on the reading and mathematics achievement of students enrolled in special education over a 4-year period was examined. In the first investigation, the numbers and percentages of Texas Grade 3 through 8 students enrolled in special education who received a discipline consequence was examined. In the second study, the relationship of Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placement with the reading achievement of students enrolled in special education was investigated over a 4-year time period. Finally, in the third investigation, the relationship of Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placement with the mathematics achievement of students enrolled in special education was investigated over a 4-year time period Method In this investigation, a descriptive approach (Creswell, 2009) was used in which four years of Texas statewide data across six grade levels were analyzed. Archival data regarding Grade 3 through Grade 8 students who were enrolled in special education were analyzed here. Findings Results were fairly consistent across all four school years, across all six grade levels, and across all three articles in this journal-ready dissertation. For each exclusionary discipline assignment investigated, the percentage of students who were in special education and received exclusionary discipline assignments decreased across over the four years investigated, where the number of assignments received by students increased. Students who were in special education and received between 1-30 days in a Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placement had better STAAR Reading and Mathematics performance than students who received between 31-60 days and more than 60 days in a Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placement. Results discussed herein were consistent with the existing literature regarding the frequency and duration of disciplinary assignments received by students in special education and the influence of exclusionary discipline assignments on reading and mathematics performance.Item A descriptive study of aircraft hijacking(1972) Turi, Robert T.,1943-; Friel, Charles; Robert B. Sheldon; John Matthews.Aerial hijacking is a relatively new peril for the American airline industry and the millions of passengers who depart each year from American airports. Only a little over a decade has passed since the first skyjacking of an American airplane on May 1, 1961. Yet, the snowballing effect of this initial incident has been swift and dramatic, as one airplane after another is diverted to an unscheduled destination. In 1961 there was a total of five skyjackings of United States registered aircraft, which were followed by only one in 1962 and none in 1963. In 1968 activity increased with 22 aircraft being seized followed by 40 in 1969, this is the largest yearly total to date. In 1970 and 1971 there were 27 per year. So far this year, as of 1 March, 1972, we have had 6 skyjackings. This gives us a total of 134 skyjackings since 1961. The purpose of this paper was to prepare a descriptive study of all aspects of the phenomenon of skyjacking. This study includes the latest statistics on skyjacking, i.e., number of skyjackings, type of weapons, type of aircrafts, skyjackers identification and disposition or status. This paper also discusses the legal aspects, both national and international, related to this crime. The personality and emotional nature of the skyjacker is also examined. In addition, the preventive measures instituted by the government and the airline industry are discussed. Included in this discussion are the sky marshal program, the pre-board screening process and the use of electronic detection equipment. A review of the literature was the major procedure used to gather background information, especially concerning the legal aspects of this problem. The current statistics were obtained both through written correspondence and personal interviews with Federal Aviation Authority officials. Aviation journals such as Aviation Week and Space Technology were reviewed in an attempt to ascertain the technical problems that skyjacking presents for the airlines. Court proceedings were examined to determine the legality of airport searches. Government documents, Department of State Bulletins and reports to Congress concerning skyjacking were reviewed and analyzed.